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ELT Journal 1987 41(2):104-111; doi:10.1093/elt/41.2.104
© 1987 by Oxford University Press
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Teaching and researching invention: using ethnography in ESL writing classes

JoAnne Liebman-Kleine

JoAnne Liebman-Kleine received her doctorate in reading and writing theory from the University of Minnesota in 1983. She currently teaches all levels of writing to native and non-native students at the University of Arkansas at Little Rock.

The author argues for the use of ethnographic research methods by ESL teachers of writing, and by researchers in the same area. She presents the results of a small ethnographic study to determine the invention preferences of advanced ESL students. Students' most common preferences were found to be hierarchical treeing, or planning; open-ended, exploratory techniques were also popular, though to a lesser extent; the least common preference was for systematic heuristics.


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 Written CommunicationHome page
G. VALDES
Bilingual Minorities and Language Issues in Writing: Toward Professionwide Responses to a New Challenge
Written Communication, January 1, 1992; 9(1): 85 - 136.
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